小乔 发表于 2026-1-30 10:01:05

HCIE复习宝典之MPLS VPN 技术

本帖最后由 小乔 于 2026-1-30 10:02 编辑


第四章 MPLS VPN ....................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 MPLS基础 ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.1 MPLS基本结构 ....................................................................................................................... 7
网络结构 ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
体系结构 ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.2 MPLS标签 ............................................................................................................................... 8
转发等价类 ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
标签 ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
标签空间 ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
标签栈........................................................................................................................................................... 10
标签操作类型 ............................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.3 LSP的建立 ............................................................................................................................ 11
LSP的基本建立过程 ................................................................................................................................... 11
静态LSP的建立 .......................................................................................................................................... 11
动态LSP的建立 .......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1.4 MPLS转发 ............................................................................................................................. 12
MPLS报文的基本转发原理......................................................................................................................... 12
MPLS详细转发过程 ................................................................................................................................... 12
1.1.5 MPLS对TTL的处理 .............................................................................................................. 14
MPLS对TTL的处理模式 ........................................................................................................................... 14
ICMP响应报文 ............................................................................................................................................ 15
1.1.6 MPLS QoS的实现 .................................................................................................................. 15
MPLS DiffServ ............................................................................................................................................. 15
MPLS DiffServ的隧道化模式 ...................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.7 MPLS Ping/MPLS Tracert ....................................................................................................... 16
介绍 .............................................................................................................................................................. 16
MPLS Ping .................................................................................................................................................... 17
MPLS Tracert ................................................................................................................................................ 17
1.1.8 配置静态LSP示例 ........................................................................................................... 18
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
1.1.9 配置静态BFD检测静态LSP示例 ................................................................................... 26
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
1.2 MPLS LDP ............................................................................................................................... 36
1.2.1 LDP基本概念 ........................................................................................................................ 36
LDP邻接体 .................................................................................................................................................. 36
LDP对等体 .................................................................................................................................................. 36
LDP会话 ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
LDP消息类型 .............................................................................................................................................. 37
标签空间 ....................................................................................................................................................... 37
LDP标识符 .................................................................................................................................................. 38
1.2.2 LDP工作机制 ........................................................................................................................ 38
LDP会话 ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
标签的发布和管理 ....................................................................................................................................... 39 更多资源请访问鸿鹄论坛：http://bbs.hh010.com/
1.2.3 LDP标签过滤机制 ................................................................................................................ 42
LDP Outbound策略 ..................................................................................................................................... 42
LDP Inbound策略 ........................................................................................................................................ 42
1.2.4 LDP与静态路由联动 ............................................................................................................ 43
1.2.5 LDP与IGP联动 .................................................................................................................... 44
产生背景 ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
相关概念 ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
实现过程 ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
1.2.6 BFD for LSP ............................................................................................................................. 45
实现机制 ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
BFD会话的建立 .......................................................................................................................................... 46
1.2.7 LDP FRR ................................................................................................................................. 46
应用场景 ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
1.2.8 LDP GR .................................................................................................................................. 48
1.2.9 LDP NSR ................................................................................................................................ 48
1.2.10 LDP安全机制 .................................................................................................................... 49
LDP报文MD5验证 .................................................................................................................................... 49
LDP报文Keychain验证 .............................................................................................................................. 49
LDP GTSM ................................................................................................................................................... 50
1.2.11 LDP跨域扩展 .................................................................................................................... 50
1.2.12 配置LDP本地会话示例 ................................................................................................... 51
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 53
1.2.13 配置远端LDP会话示例 ................................................................................................... 55
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 55
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 57
1.2.14 配置LDP自动触发DoD请求功能示例 .......................................................................... 59
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 59
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 64
1.2.15 配置LSP建立的触发策略示例 ........................................................................................ 67
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 68
1.2.16 配置Transit LSP建立的触发策略示例 ............................................................................ 70
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 70
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 71
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 71
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 73
1.2.17 配置PWE3策略示例 ....................................................................................................... 76
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 82 更多资源请访问鸿鹄论坛：http://bbs.hh010.com/
1.2.18 配置静态BFD检测LDP LSP示例 .................................................................................... 85
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 85
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 86
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 86
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 90
1.2.19 配置动态BFD检测LDP LSP示例 .................................................................................... 93
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 93
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 93
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 93
配置文件 ....................................................................................................................................................... 97
1.2.20 配置LDP和静态路由同步示例 ....................................................................................... 99
组网需求 ....................................................................................................................................................... 99
配置思路 ....................................................................................................................................................... 99
操作步骤 ....................................................................................................................................................... 99
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 102
1.2.21 配置LDP与IGP联动示例 ............................................................................................. 105
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 105
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 105
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 106
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 110
1.2.22 配置LDP GR示例 ........................................................................................................... 112
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 112
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 113
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 113
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 115
1.2.23 配置Manual LDP FRR示例 ............................................................................................ 117
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 117
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 117
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 117
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 121
1.2.24 配置LDP Auto FRR示例 ................................................................................................. 123
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 123
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 123
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 123
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 129
1.2.25 配置LDP Inbound策略示例 ........................................................................................... 132
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 132
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 132
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 132
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 135
1.2.26 配置LDP Outbound策略示例 ........................................................................................ 137
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 137
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 137
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 138
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 140
1.2.27 配置LDP GTSM示例 ...................................................................................................... 142
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 142
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 143
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 143
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 144 更多资源请访问鸿鹄论坛：http://bbs.hh010.com/
1.2.28 配置LDP跨域扩展示例 ................................................................................................. 146
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 146
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 146
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 146
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 151
1.3 BGP/MPLS IP VPN ................................................................................................................. 154
1.3.1 基本概念 ......................................................................................................................... 154
Site .............................................................................................................................................................. 154
地址空间重叠 ............................................................................................................................................. 155
VPN实例 .................................................................................................................................................... 155
RD和VPN-IPv4地址 ............................................................................................................................... 156
VPN Target .................................................................................................................................................. 157
1.3.2 基本原理 ......................................................................................................................... 157
私网标签分配 ............................................................................................................................................. 158
私网路由交叉 ............................................................................................................................................. 158
公网隧道迭代 ............................................................................................................................................. 158
私网路由的选择规则 ................................................................................................................................. 159
BGP/MPLS IP VPN的路由发布 ................................................................................................................ 159
BGP/MPLS IP VPN的报文转发 ................................................................................................................ 160
1.3.3 基本组网 ......................................................................................................................... 161
Intranet VPN ............................................................................................................................................... 161
Extranet VPN .............................................................................................................................................. 162
Hub and Spoke ............................................................................................................................................ 163
1.3.4 VPN FRR ............................................................................................................................... 164
产生背景 ..................................................................................................................................................... 164
实现原理 ..................................................................................................................................................... 164
1.3.5 VPN GR ............................................................................................................................... 165
概述 ............................................................................................................................................................ 165
实现前提 ..................................................................................................................................................... 165
实现过程 ..................................................................................................................................................... 165
1.3.6 VPN NSR ............................................................................................................................... 166
1.3.7 配置BGP/MPLS IP VPN示例 .......................................................................................... 166
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 166
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 167
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 167
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 176
1.3.8 配置BGP/MPLS IP VPN地址空间重叠示例 .................................................................. 181
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 181
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 182
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 182
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 189
1.3.9 配置本地VPN互访示例 ................................................................................................ 194
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 194
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 194
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 194
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 197
1.3.10 配置Hub and Spoke示例 ............................................................................................... 198
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 198
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 199
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 199 更多资源请访问鸿鹄论坛：http://bbs.hh010.com/
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 204
1.3.11 配置Multi-VPN-Instance CE示例 ................................................................................... 209
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 209
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 210
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 210
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 217
1.3.12 配置VPN报文策略路由到LSP示例 ............................................................................. 223
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 223
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 224
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 224
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 226
1.3.13 配置HoVPN示例............................................................................................................ 231
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 231
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 231
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 232
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 237
1.3.14 配置OSPF伪连接示例 ................................................................................................... 241
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 241
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 242
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 242
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 250
1.3.15 置BGP AS号替换示例 ................................................................................................... 255
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 255
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 255
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 256
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 259
1.3.16 配置CE双归属示例 ....................................................................................................... 263
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 263
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 264
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 264
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 274
1.3.17 配置VPN FRR示例 ......................................................................................................... 281
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 281
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 281
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 281
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 287
1.3.18 配置私网IP FRR示例 ..................................................................................................... 291
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 291
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 292
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 292
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 295
1.3.19 配置双反射器优化VPN骨干层示例 ............................................................................ 298
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 298
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 299
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 299
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 305
1.3.20 配置VPN与Internet互联示例 ..................................................................................... 311
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 311
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 311
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 312 更多资源请访问鸿鹄论坛：http://bbs.hh010.com/
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 317
1.3.21 配置应用于L3VPN的隧道策略示例 ............................................................................. 321
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 321
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 321
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 321
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 330
1.3.22 配置MCE IPv6示例 ........................................................................................................ 336
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 336
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 337
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 337
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 343
1.3.23 配置基本BGP/MPLS IPv6 VPN示例 ............................................................................... 350
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 350
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 351
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 351
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 360
1.3.24 配置Hub&Spoke示例（PE与CE间使用BGP4+） ...................................................... 367
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 367
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 368
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 368
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 375
1.3.25 配置Hub&Spoke示例（Hub-PE与Hub-CE间使用缺省路由） .................................. 382
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 382
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 383
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 383
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 391
1.3.26 配置CE双归属示例 ....................................................................................................... 398
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 398
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 399
操作步骤 ..................................................................................................................................................... 400
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 409
1.3.27 配置VPNv6路由反射器示例 ........................................................................................ 419
组网需求 ..................................................................................................................................................... 419
配置思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 419
配置过程 ..................................................................................................................................................... 419
配置文件 ..................................................................................................................................................... 424

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来源: HCIE复习宝典之IPV4技术
来源: HCIE复习宝典之IPV6技术

zhcx668 发表于 2026-1-30 13:32:53

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Sirius_475 发表于 2026-2-2 13:40:15

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ZSKHHW 发表于 2026-2-5 10:43:18

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nicstar123 发表于 2026-2-8 00:26:12

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weizhu 发表于 2026-4-24 17:39:06

感谢楼主分享
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